环境学基础（英文） 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子版 mobi 在线

教材内容全面涵盖了环境科学与工程的相关领域理论、技术与应用的进展。本书遵循系统性、完整性和循序渐进的原则：首先介绍了一些环境的基础知识，环境的定义、分类等其他相关知识；之后阐述了大气污染、水污染、土壤污染及物理环境污染等生态环境污染与防治措施；*后叙述了当代人们解决环境问题的新思路以及法律法规，例如生态系统服务、城市化与可持续发展、环境风险评估以及环境建模等。

Chapter   1 Environment 10

    1.1. Introduction 10

    1.1.1 Definition of Environment 10

    1.1.2 Classification of Environment 13

    1.1.3 Characteristics of Environment 13

    1.2. Natural environment 14

    1.2.1 Atmosphere 14

    1.2.2 Hydrosphere 18

    1.2.3 Lithosphere 21

    1.2.4 Soil 22

    1.2.5 Biosphere 24

    1.3. Artificial environment 25

    1.3.1 Types of Artificial Environment 25

    1.3.2 Characteristics of Artificial Environment 25

    1.4. Environmental functional attributes 28

    1.4.1 Diversity of natural composition and structure 28

    1.4.2 Material circulation 29

    1.4.3 Energy flow 35

    1.4.4 Information transmission 38

    1.4.5 The zonal law of the natural environment 39

    Discussion questions 43

    Further reading 43

    Reading 1. What is Environmental History? 43

    Reading 2. The Great Smog Begins 49

    Reading 3. The Story of Silent Spring 51

    References 54

    Chapter 2 Environmental problems 56

    2.1 Definition of environmental problems 56

    2.2 Classification of environmental problems 57

    2.3 Environmental problems occurrence and development 60

    2.4 The essence of environmental problems 60

    2.5 Global environmental problems 61

    2.6 China’s environmental problems 104

    2.7 Solutions to environmental problems 110

    2.7.1 Sustainability 110

    2.7.2 Environmental protection 112

    2.7.3 Cleaner production 114

    2.7.4 Climate change mitigation 116

    2.7.5 Restoration ecology 117

    Discussion questions 117

    Chapter 3 Population and Environment 118

    3.1 Population Growth 118

    3.2 Impact of Population Growth on Environment 120

    3.2.1 The Pressure of Population Growth on Land Resources 120

    3.2.2 The Pressure of Population Growth on Water Resources 121

    3.2.3 The Pressure of Population Growth on Energy 122

    3.2.4 Relationship Between Human and Environment 124

    3.2.5 Population Growth and Sustainable Development of Ecological   Environment 125

    3.3 China's Population Status 127

    3.3.1 The Total Fertility Rate is Low, but the Population Growth is Still   Large 127

    3.3.2 The Overall Quality of the Population is not High 128

    3.3.3 Population Aging and the Sex Ratio at Birth is Unbalanced 130

    3.3.4 Floating Population Increasing 130

    3.3.5 The Pressure of Population on Social Security 131

    3.4 Suggestions to Solve China's Population Problem 131

    3.5 Causes of Human Overpopulation 134

    3.6 Effects of Human Overpopulation 135

    3.6.1 Loss of Fresh Water 136

    3.6.2 Increased Global Warming and Climate Change 137

    3.6.3 Species Extinction 138

    3.6.4 Depletion of Natural Resources 139

    3.6.5 Increased Emergence of New Epidemics and Pandemics 140

    3.6.6 Increased Habitat Loss 140

    3.7 Overpopulation Solutions 141

    Resources 143

    Chapter 4 Ecosystem and Ecological Protection 144

    4.1 Definition of Ecosystem 144

    4.2 Components of Ecosystem 144

    4.3 Function of Ecosystem 145

    4.3.1 Productivity 146

    4.3.2 Decomposition 147

    4.3.3 Energy Flow 148

    4.3.4 Ecological Pyramids 151

    4.3.5 Ecological Succession 153

    4.3.6 Nutrient Cycling 155

    4.4 Ecological Balance and Ecological Destruction 160

    4.4.1 Ecological Balance 160

    4.4.2 Ecological Destruction 162

    4.5 Application of Ecology in Environmental Protection 167

    Discussion questions 168

    Chapter 5 Resources, Energy and Environment 169

    5.1 Definition and Characteristics of Natural Resources 169

    5.2 Classification of Natural Resources 170

    5.3 Renewable resource 172

    5.3.1 Solar energy 172

    5.3.2 Wind energy 192

    5.3.3 Geothermal energy 201

    5.3.4 Water Resources 209

    5.3.5 Air Resource 220

    5.3.6 Soil 221

    5.3.7 Cultivated Plants 239

    5.3.8 Biomass and Bioenergy 240

    5.3.9 Animals 253

    5.4 Non-renewable resource 254

    5.4.1 Coal 254

    5.4.2 Oil 255

    5.4.3 Peat 256

    5.4.4 Uranium 256

    5.4.5 Gold 257

    5.4.6 Aluminum 257

    5.4.7 Sand 258

    5.4.8 Iron 258

    5.4.9 Phosphate rock 259

    5.4.10 Rare earth elements 259

    5.5 China’s Energy Supply and Environmental Issues 260

    5.5.1 Oil Use 261

    5.5.2 Coal Use 262

    5.5.3 Natural Gas Use 263

    5.5.4 Non-Fossil-Fuel Energy 264

    5.5.5 Other Energy Policies 264

    5.5.6 Policies That Promote Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency   265

    Discussion questions 266

    Chapter 6 Air Pollution and Its Prevention and Control 267

    6.1 Air Pollution 267

    6.1.1 Atmospheric composition 267

    6.1.2 Air pollution and pollution sources 273

    6.1.3 Air pollutants 274

    6.1.4 Air pollution and human health 279

    6.2 Atmospheric pollution dynamics 286

    6.2.1 Atmospheric vertical structure 286

    6.2.2 Air pollution’s meteorological influencing factors 286

    6.2.3 Air pollution’s geographical influencing factors 287

    6.2.4 Comprehensive utilization of resources and energy 289

    6.2.5 Application in other aspects of environmental protection 290

    6.3 Global atmospheric environment problem’s formation mechanism and its   prevention and control measures 293

    6.3.1 Global warming 293

    6.3.2 Impact on humans of global warming 295

    6.3.3 Comprehensive measures to control global warming 295

    6.3.4 Ozone layer damage and prevention measures 296

    6.3.5 Acid rain Settlement and control measures 299

    6.4 Status of China’s air pollution 300

    6.4.1 Overview of China’s air pollution 300

    6.4.2 Characteristics of China’s air pollution 303

    6.4.3 Prevention and control of China’s air pollution 304

    Discussion questions 311

    Chapter 7 Water and Water Pollution 312

    7.1 Water 313

    7.1.1 Water Resources 313

    7.1.2 Water Cycle 317

    7.1.3 Earth’s Fresh Water 328

    7.1.4 Precipitation 328

    7.1.5 Global View 329

    7.1.6 Surface Water 330

    7.1.7 Groundwater 331

    7. 2 Water Sources and Water Environment Quality in China 334

    7.2.1 Distribution of Water Resources in China 334

    7.2.2 Water Pollution Leads to Water Shortage 335

    7.2.3 Engineering Water Shortage Caused by Insufficient Water Resources   Regulation Capacity 335

    7.2.4 Current Water Environment Quality in China 335

    7.2.5 Sources and Characteristics of Chemical Pollution 338

    7.2.6 Priority Controlling Pollutants 344

    7.2.7 Persistent Toxic Pollutants in the Water Environment 348

    7.2.8 Pesticides in Water and Health 350

    7.2.9 Phthalate Contamination in Water 355

    7.2.10 PAHs in water 357

    7.3 Water Pollution 359

    7.3.1 Water Pollution Sources 359

    7.3.2Various Causes of Water Pollution 359

    7.3.3 Causes and Effects of Water Pollution 362

    7.3.4 Water Pollution Control 368

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张园，苏州科技大学副教授，2012年2月至今任职于苏州科技大学（讲师），2015年8月评得副教授职称，在国内外学术刊物和学术会议上发表研究论文20余篇，软件著作权2项，其中SCI收录10余篇，EI收录1篇，苏州市自然科学优秀学术论文1项。

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